Global Warming, Spin And Media

For many years, a large, powerful companies and governments to the idea of global warming has declined. Many of the original a long time widely recognized as an important resource in the defamation was. Well, "mainstream" in general the effects of climate change and is worried about the speech has been postponed. From their seats in the companies are in a disinformation campaign, nothing to regulate and control the Government has said on this issue. However, some companies and organizations to effective efforts to reduce climate change concerns and are working for. It is being developed and implemented publicity and spin, "green - washing" and misleading information in the standard, and now a solid solution to an important change in attitude and effort with a different kind of happens.

Climate Justice And Equity:

Developing countries and growing concern in the various non - governmental organizations and to create results for the population and poor countries, global warming talks should be. The effect of climate change in the world be felt in the poorest countries. In some cases, some of climate change on small island states is an effect. The climate of justice, fairness and sustainable development an important factor in this debate, are often outside the traditional speech. To all the people within and between nations and for justice in an atmosphere of equal rights.

It was agreed that the principle of discrimination on the common responsibilities.

This means that the United States, the Kyoto Protocol's resignation was as if the world, most countries signed the agreement on climate change are (including countries) agreed that this means that global warming is responsible for the rich countries , in the form of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere of several decades and centuries of rich countries and climate change, pollution emissions on developed countries to do more than the poor countries.

It is also necessary that the basic needs of poor countries and poverty alleviation for the response was agreed to. It seems that the poor countries to reduce emissions will agree it was inequitable, where the problems that lead to rich countries.

But some countries already have to show that the issues and can address rich countries to have started.

On these issues will be addressed in detail here.

Climate Change Flexibility Mechanisms:

Flexible mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol to combat climate change efforts in the context of reducing emissions to a number of options. You are in the following categories: emissions trading, Joint Implementation and Clean Development Mechanism. However, these are very controversial, because they essentially the United States and the United States in the treaty at the behest of the firm are doing. Some of these procedures has, indeed, to reduce emissions with the ratings, for example.

Carbon Sinks, Forests And Climate Change:

To benefit from carbon dioxide and climate change "carbon sink" to the idea of using global warming to deal with a proposal for a system. , This, afforestation, or planting new forests have been proposed to. Forestry and with the major interests of the countries is a strategy for the woodworking industry. Although the possibility of there in May of this solution, because the forests and the East, the basis of the ecosystem and biodiversity of forests rich in C is the destruction is justified is not effective (but today), the environment certainly (free) is for a decline. The establishment of new forest areas, the construction of the entire ecosystems. In addition to criticism of this view is not at the root are not the reality and efficiency of emission reduction or to support the reasons for a quick repair.

Global warming and population

It seems that the climate change to participate in an interest / global warming on the population, and countries like China and India to global warming for more than guess.

But the rich countries to do more, it is developing countries that rich nations to emissions of greenhouse gas emissions target from the first atmosphere, until it was agreed as the price for climate change response.

Energy Security:

Energy Security in the rich countries and a growing interest in developing countries too. In the past, particularly fossil fuel energy to war with a democratically elected leader and puppets and is a dictatorship overthrowing governments.

Major oil nations that we are identified, but the lack of investment options or investment in comparison to fossil fuels are small.

As the global financial crisis, and to raise awareness of climate change more and more countries and companies to invest in options. Remain the same, but geopolitical.

The ozone layer and climate change:

Scientists that global warming is one of the ozone layer to weaken, increasing the temperature in the upper part is Stratosphere (the Ozone layer being found in the upper part), and more, the cold leads to believe that the natural ozone layer repair slowly.

Environmental Issues:

Environmental issues an important global problem. People and a healthy environment, and yet stable environment in many ways we depend on are eroded. The region's other problems such as biodiversity, the climate changes, animals and nature, people, genetically modified foods, sustainable development and others.

Climate change and global warming:

Global warming and climate change in this section to face the global challenges are included. Introduction of the climate change effects. In addition, this article attempts to understand how the Government on this issue, corporations, international institutions and other organizations, as well as challenges. Some of the largest conferences in recent years are also discussed.

The climate is changing. Earth, and it warms up is a massive scientific consensus, and people have. Global warming and the increase in species and their residence, natural ecosystems can be reduced with the possibility of collapse.

Many believe that climate change a major threat to the world. In recent years, members in various fields and / or an increase of the temperature increase in the back.

Global dimming:

That air pollution from fossil fuel research, the clouds in space and reflect the light of the sun is shown. This is a global effect, dimming as is known, where less heat and energy on the earth. Initially, the irony is that the problem of climate change savior. While millions of victims, because of the northern hemisphere oceans enough rain for training are not that hot, however, that the world in the 1970s en'80 year drought in Ethiopia, the reason is dimming. Global dimming is also true that global warming of hiding. In 2003, as we have seen during the heatwave in Europe without cleaning agents due to global dimming, greenhouse gases, emissions of the control of rapid warming, the environment and human health and the various disasters, has led the people of the death of thousands.

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change:

World generally agree that global warming and climate change should be made. Agreed on a framework to the first hurdle was trying to. In 1988, Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the United Nations Environment (UNEP) and World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the scientific evidence of global warming on the program was established by. IPCC in 1990 that climate change caused by humans is a comprehensive international agreement concluded. The report in the International Conference on Climate Change has made way for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC on), the Rio Summit in 1992 which more than 150 countries. This section focuses on this contract and for a number of basic principles.

Reactions To Climate Change Negotiations And Action:

If any changes are made in the U.S. and some other countries, and many companies and the economy for the benefit of a risk because of the fear of climate change, is against, and fear that their ways, perhaps most important for this problem contribution. Some concerns in this section, or that he is not fair.

World wide Climate Conference

Climate Conference in Poznan:



Overview Climate Change Conference, which Poznan, Poland, in December of 2008 was held at the beginning of the month. Not with the first, as without conflict. For example, the adjustment of funds by supplementary funding has many differences. There was a time when Europe conference on climate change from a strong position to weaken the rule is to think on, and the news in recent years emissions of industrialized countries.



Bali Climate Conference:




The UN conference on climate change held in Bali, Indonesia in December 2007 led to a final agreement known as the “Bali Roadmap”. The Bali Roadmap outlined a new negotiating process to be concluded by 2009, International agreement on climate change. The Roadmap included a decision to launch an Adaptation Fund as well as further decisions on technology transfer and on reducing emissions from deforestation. However, as with past climate conferences, this was not without its controversies, especially Europe and developing countries’ criticisms of the US position and negotiation tactics.




Montreal Climate Conference:




December 2005 Climate Change (UNFCCC) United Nations Framework Convention on the eleventh session, the party's conference. The protocol for the party's first meeting. Reduction of emissions in these meetings and the debate on the future of developing countries to support the means. Meeting of the United States to a place, but finally left to return to the conference were convinced. Therefore, there is something that the text was a little weak, but believe that to create something for the future. In developing countries, but the discussion was a sense of justice and the judiciary has been missing since then.





Buenos Aires Climate Conference:




December 2004 Climate Change (UNFCCC) at the tenth session of the United Nations Framework Convention was the party's conference. It was the 10th anniversary of the Kyoto Protocol. Country and the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol to discuss the optimization measures. In addition, any discussion about the period after Kyoto's tried.




Delhi Climate Conference:

23 October to 1 November, 2002 Climate Change (UNFCCC) United Nations Framework Convention on the eighth session, the party's conference. The conference so far in reducing the emission of very little progress is not.






Marrakesh Climate Conference:

29 October to 9 November 2001, Climate Change (UNFCCC) United Nations Framework Convention on the season, the party's conference. The purpose of this meeting is an agreement on the text nor the political consensus in Bonn in July 2001 on the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol was reached in the technical aspects. However, the agreement, there as a result of the emissions are afraid to have some effect.





The Hague Climate Conference:




13 November to 24 November 2000 Climate Change (UNFCCC) United Nations Framework Convention on the sixth session was the party's conference. People to review every encounter in which to reduce emissions to comply with the implementation of the goals of the parties to meet a contact of the conference is. Intention on the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol is to provide three years of negotiations. In contrast, when we almost collapsed.





Kyoto Protocol Climate Conference:





In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol, Japan, the Kyoto conference on climate change for the Conference of the parties. Tam, the developed countries to specific targets to reduce greenhouse gases to have agreed. If a common framework, with details in the coming years to provide them. It became known as the Kyoto Protocol. United States, European Union, while 15% of the exemption and not the regulation of emissions, has proposed to cut. Finally there was an agreement, developed countries and 5.2% in 1990, there in 2012 for a period of less than 2008 for reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases have. (Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change, said in its report of 1990 that 60% of the reduction of emissions is necessary ...) the police about the meeting of a large media campaign leading companies from countries like the U.S. and has been affected The agreement is found, which openly opposed.

Coal Fired Power Generation

Electricity use since the beginning of this century the U.S. economy is an integral part of. Coal, electric power plants that have taken large amounts of cheap and reliable source of energy that reduce the supply of oil and gas mentioned is important. In 1995, the United States about 55% of electricity in addition to coal. Known for centuries of coal reserves, is expected to use the pool to the last.

Coal, fired power plants is relatively easy. The fine coal powder and food to combustion chamber where it is burned in power plants, coal fired a piece of land. Heat from the combustion of coal, the power to generate one or more steam rotates turbines, to generate is used.

Of coal in power generation plants in the United States plays a vital role in the1880's. The oldest plants, the manual feeding of wood or coal for heating and steam boiler for the production of. Compressors with the piston in the steam is used, steam generators, as electricity generation. This year more than 1,884 turbines with a high British engineer Charles A. Parsons the use of steam for power generation is as effective. In the 1920s, in the form of powder during the combustion of coal. This process has the advantage that the high combustion temperature, greater efficiency and more air for combustion of a low thermal requirement. In the 1940s, the development of the cyclone furnace. The new technology of coal combustion and the decline in overall production capacity with an increase in the poorest sections is enabled.

Currently, more than 100 years, but the current improvement in all areas of coal, power plant energy source, cheaper still out in the same way today if coal is elaborate.

Coal Fired Power Generation Technologies:

*Pulverized coal System:

The fine coal powder was not in the concept, and believe that if coal is so good that the gas and burns nearly as effective as simple. The boiler in the prices of coal to feed direction, and crushing the coal demand and drying or transportation of fuel for the amount of air through the computer is used. Pieces of coal are crushed between balls or cylindrical rollers that move between two tracks or "races." The raw coal is then fed into the pulverizer along with air heated to about 650 degrees F from the boiler. As the roles and coal land and coal as fuel in the hot dry fine powder through the achievements of the activities of happens. The powder carbon directly spray water in the burner of the boiler. The burner mixes the powdered coal in the air suspension with additional pre-heated combustion air and forces it out of a nozzle similar in action to fuel being atomized by a fuel injector in modern cars. In these circumstances, there across the fuel ignites in the combustion gas is hot enough.

* Cyclone Furnaces:

Cyclone in the form of powder kilns were coal and coal to reduce fuel system is required. You a 25% moisture content and ash content of coal with the burning of the poorest class. Or temporary supply of powdered coal in the box oven or directly collected from the storm. The furnace on a large water cylinder jacket, the steam heat absorption and merger of the burner for security. To end this war, air and hot breath of the carbon pieces with a strong fan stress. At the same time additional heated combustion air is injected along the curved surface of the cylinder causing the coal and air mixture to swirl in a centrifugal "cyclone" motion. Air and coal in the heat of the pool - high-density, high temperature (about 4700 to 8300kW/m2) and with the combustion properties of the production increases.

On the other hand, hot exhaust, and the war in the boiler, pipes and filled with steam to generate hot water used to. Fuel burns coal powder in a storm of his time to operating temperature in a furnace in the form of injection is reached. Slags still on the walls of the pipe in the boiler burner and heat insulation, while the rest is a collection in the ditch, where it increased to a settlement of the container goes down. The ability to collect the ashes of the cyclone furnace fire is the biggest advantage. Only 40% of the tree in the form of exhaust gases to 80% compared to coal powder allows. Cyclone furnace is not without drawbacks. Coal, a relatively low sulfur content, for the ash to melt the collection are used. This is a great strength of pollutants through the furnace fan and a big piece of coal and air forces is necessary to ensure, coal powder as compared to nitrogen oxide. Finally, a real coal burner cables from erosion due to high level change is needed.

Impact on the Environment:

Electric and coal IECG international controversy about the environmental impact of a large number of accepted ideas fired power plants. We believe that the benefits far outweigh the negative effects believe. CRPG, IECG with communities and experts working to reduce and potentially dangerous environment likes:

* Coal rivers and ground water around, leaching toxic chemicals cause serious and destroy the people.

* About two-thirds of sulfur dioxide, one-third of carbon dioxide emissions and one quarter of the nitrogen oxides emissions in the U.S. are produced by coal burning.

* Particulate matter in air emissions is the result of combustion of coal. And nitrogen oxides in the air particulates, asthma, reduced lung function and respiratory diseases and premature death of several thousand Americans aggravated.

* Nitrogen oxides and crops, forests and the loss of property due to the organic reagent gas Smog. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere and water, acid rain combination. Acid rain plants, fish and animals to kill acidic soil and water.

* Global warming is mainly caused by carbon dioxide emissions and is responsible for at least half of the warming.

Nitrogen oxides - formation and relevance

Chemistry of nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere play an important role. In this section we will see how and why they are so important.

Nitrogen oxides come from:

The main types of nitrogen in the atmosphere, they called NOx nitrous oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and all the feedback. Nitrogen in the atmosphere of nitrogen (N2), especially in the distribution of oxide emitted. N2 in the two nitrogen atoms with a lot depends on this fact in mind, (and nitrogen nitrogen triple combination), to break it is, N2 on the atoms is not so easy. Extremely high temperature for some bacteria may have developed the system and the two molecules. Car, a temperature high enough for use on motors, and nitrogen oxide are the gases. Vehicles, production of harmful substances, based on this catalyst. Nitrogen oxides in May, if the biomass burned during the flash.

Nitrogen oxides involving:

NOx (= No + NO2) and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere of almost all reactions are present. Nitric oxide responsible nitrate radical (NO3 another form) in the dark, and night life of the control was set up in the atmosphere's chemistry. Nitrogen oxide nitric acid with water (HNO3) on the response form. Nitric acid not only in the air such as nitrogen oxides to acid rain is an important contribution, but it is too dry or too acidic the most important, directly or deportation under the rain. Nitric acid in the polar regions of cloud chemistry in Stratosphere exists. This happens when the ozone hole is an important part in the training of nitric acid trihydrate.

Nitrogen oxides and ozone layer in the very training loss, troposphere are important. He and improvement in the reaction catalyst is used. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) nitric oxide (NO) as the sun is broken down. It is, in the form of NO2, then more is not the answer. Ozone and oxygen from the instability of peroxide radicals in May as of this time is about. Of these reactions in detail later in the test.

Nitrogen oxides from combustion of the cars we a lot of ways. Assembly of motor vehicles for the main objective, the catalyst complex in the air of these substances to reduce emissions.

Other important nitrogen gases in the atmosphere include:

And nitrous oxide (N2O), which during the microbial degradation. This is an important greenhouse gas, but the troposphere is not the answer. Stratosphere that the ozone destroyed.

Ammonia (NH3) gases in the atmosphere is the main base. Mainly agricultural and animal waste and fertilizers are used for storage. Aerosol particles from the reaction of the acid such as nitric acid in the atmosphere.

Nitrogen oxides - at the center of atmospheric chemistry:

Nitrogen oxide chemistry of the atmosphere are the real center. Most chemical compounds that are oxidized and the wind, or other types of chemicals to change that directly or indirectly, are not, and for NO2.

Impacts of Acid Rain on Buildings

Since the beginning of industrial revolution, pollution and damage to buildings in urban areas is very real. The cause is often due to the impact of air pollution. Pollution, acid rain is sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, both published in the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and oil. Since industrial revolution, the two types of emissions. English, sulfur dioxide (SO2) peak in 1960, but has increased more than 80%. In 1999, emissions of sulfur dioxide in the amount of approximately 1.2 million tons. With emissions of nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen oxides, collectively known as Nox decreased since 1990, emissions in 1999 is around 1.6 million tons.

Although the fact that emissions reduction is not clear that air quality, which resulted in a decrease of decomposition. In fact, buildings that are thousands of years aging in the last 25 years and has quickly worsened. This can still show the changes on the surface of the stone Sulphation, a process that visible surface layer of the rain dissolves limestone sulphated wins.

Only in the last ten years, or the efforts that have been conducted to determine the amount of material damage due to acid. With concerns about the impact of acid rain on building materials has been raised in the Chamber of Local Authorities, Report of the Committee in September 1984. As part of the response from the government, the impact of Group (Berg) has been considered as a recommendation to the effect on the acid. It was not until relatively recently that the spatial concentration of pollution, acid rain and mechanisms for transport, to understand, so that more accurate estimate of the damage that occurred, Mai Mai in the design are made.

Materials Affected:

List of raw materials, a very long acids, as most materials are certain degrees of damage. The most vulnerable are: limestone, marble, steel, zinc, nickel, paint and plastic. Stone deterioration May many forms, including details of the stones and the introduction of black crusts from stone in the protected area. Metal corrosion is determined by oxygen and moisture, that the SO 2 accelerates. Most of the buildings that came from some acidic to which, therefore, that certain materials that are free from the effects. In addition to the atmospheric structure of the attack, cream butter in water, such as foundations and pipes are corroded.

The Chemistry of Corrosion:

Dry and wet deposition on the corrosion of materials. Secs deposits consist of gas and particles that fall to the ground near the source of emissions causing the damage. That sulfur dioxide is often deposited in secs 30 kilometers from the source. The wet deposition of pollution, if everywhere in the atmosphere reacts with moisture in clouds to the diluted acid. Effect also occurs, and the deposit of wet area may contain several dozen kilometers from the source.

Calcium carbonate in certain stones dissolves in dilute sulphuric acid to form calcium sulphate:

CaCO₃ + H₂SO₄ + H₂O ® CaSO₄.2H₂O + CO₂

This has two consequences. First, make sure that the surface of the stone to break the two black gypsum (calcium sulfate) to the formation of vesicles, which consists of more than a stone. When the stone's crystal can be in the stone, and in May to 50 years. This is called the memory effect.

Sulfur dioxide is a pollutant with corrosion, but also with the delivery, including Nox, carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone (on organic materials) and sea salt spray. Research has shown that nitrogen dioxide (NO2), represented by SO2, the increase in the level of corrosion can occur. This is because the oxide NO2-SO2 Sulfite (SO3), which is more than SO2 absorption. Acid rain in the panel report in 1990 noted that in remote areas where the majority of deposits in the wet east England, while the deposits are in the majority secs. This conclusion is supported by studies in the southeast of England, which showed that 40% of the damage caused by debris secs.

Interaction between materials and substances that are complex and many variables involved. Deposit of pollution to the surface depends on the concentration of air pollution and weather and micro-climate on the surface. Once on the surface of the substance, the interaction may vary depending on exposure, the response capacity of different materials and the amount of moisture. Important factor that is very important as SO2, which is proposed oxidized in dry sulfuric acid in the presence of moisture on the surface.

Examples of damage:

The influence of acid on the modern buildings that are far less damaging impact on ancient monuments. Lime and limestone in most buildings open to the monument, "the most corrosion resistant and is a renewal.

Evidence of harmful effects on the acid all over the world. For example, as the world-famous Taj Mahal, Cologne Cathedral, Notre Dame, the Colosseum and Westminster Abbey are also affected.

Electricity and Acid Rain

Consumer electricity choice address acid rain:

Competition for the first time of electricity, production of electricity to consumers direct effect on the ecological footprint can be. The establishment of power in several states, which are much cleaner in addition to status quo conditions, the source of. Renewable energy, fuels, emissions of pollutants that, in order to reduce acid rain in order to ensure these resources for the consumer business in a portfolio of options. Consumers of coal in the country's oldest electric power demand which is not a strong message to suppliers, the federal standards for air quality. This dirty power plants recently in response to major competitors to increase production of energy. Between 1995 and 1996, 10 percent more than the 50,000 tonnes of NOx emissions from coal production increased in proportion to the utility model protection is the only Midwest. Fossil fuel plants in Massachusetts, from the total amount of NOx emissions, and New Hampshire combined profit on the increase in NOx emissions.

Consequences of acid rain:

Acid rain is linked to a range of negative impacts on the natural world as well as human environments.

Aquatic impacts:

Scientists believe that acid rain is responsible for the dramatic disappearance of brook trout and other fish species from pristine lakes and streams. Directly into the atmosphere and water basin to drain valuable acid. Lakes to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency acid rain acidic lakes and 50 percent water, 75 per cent of acidity in the acidity of the surface of the water had decided to examine the collection of analysis. Some lakes are very sensitive to acid rain, as the clay, acid or with a limited capacity "buffer" to neutralize. Disease, a victim of acid lakes, the U.S. and Canada, Adirondack, Central Appalachians, the upper part of the Midwest and West, including the high altitudes are found in various areas of.

Aquatic species, the acidity tolerance are different. Acid long ago, some species in particular are more sensitive than the others bother to play. Normal changes in the back of the fish stock, in acid rain, acid tolerant fish and other aquatic animals and plants are sensitive to acidification.

Forest impacts:

Acid rain on forest health of ecosystems can be a powerful influence. National Assessment Program in 1998 to evaluate the probability of speed, according to the Congress two years, and mortality in the north and the decline of red spruce growth rate of the Appalachians, red spruce populations of the high altitude forests in the current decline only when the loss, It is not solid scientific evidence that acid is the main reason. The forests of calcium, a plant nutrient for the development of long-term harm to the United States Geological Survey and other stress, acid rain, but "some recent studies.

Materials:

Acid rain solid materials, art objects in historical and cultural value of an effect on the number - buildings and monuments - such as trucks, cars and general goods. Acid rain, particularly the "dry" form, corrodes metals, and stone and colors of the decline accelerates.

Visibility:

Sulfate particles in the atmosphere as for the visibility of the emissions of sulfur dioxide. The visibility and especially around the park, acid rain to encourage the production of electricity for the United States in the eastern part is lower? Air pollutants of acid rain Wholesale Electric. Fossil fuel the nation on the SO2 and acid rain is a part of the 30 per cent, NOx emissions by 70 per cent in defiance burned every year.

Pollution in the area of course not all the powers contributes to acid rain is. The emission factors on the use of fossil fuels such as depend upon the nature of the right, before the type of combustion process, air pollution and measures to control the combustion after that time. Old coal, power stations out of the modern standards for air quality, high sulfur content of coal combustion for clean air benefits of the Act (in particular) and the most important past pollution, acid rain is. These plants in the Upper Ohio Valley and the Midwest are concentrated. Taking into account the wind, the parents, usually of uncontrolled pollution sources say that the experience of acid rain increases.

On the other side of the spectrum there's the best available technology with a new natural gas is produced. The ratio of SO2 emissions from coal-fired power plants. However, the more gasoline is mixed with NOx emissions, other major precursor of acid rain. Although the use of modern technology that is likely to NOx emissions currently in operation, the use of old technology and many more pollutants are gases.

Acid Rain Forming method

Acid rain and the sky clouds are mixed with acidic gases, due to the clouds of a very high level of acidity in comparison with the normal acid and gas, when the clouds, the rain falls "occupied", is caused by. Natural rainfall, acidic acid gases, but it's still sour. Human acid gases such as oil and knees caused by burning fossil fuels, but also the nature of the volcano's gases.

In contrast, the acid in the basic things, such as toothpaste and powder are the two databases. Strong alkalis, such as ammonia and bleach can be dangerous.

PH scale, the strength of acids and bases to describe is used. A low pH number, the material we have, in large numbers, we know that the alkaline substance is acidic can can find.
5.5 A little rain usually associated with acidic pH below 5.5 when the pH of rain water is most likely associated with the sharp acid gases.

The gases, the acid rain, nitrogen and sulfur. When oxygen and water vapor in the air in contact with these gases, which were created sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, it could be. Break in the volcano's sulfur-sulfur in the air from nuclear power plants, including most. Most of nitrogen oxide emissions from cars, people around the world airplane, cars and trucks for daily tours.

Acid rain is a problem in the world, where a strong wind in the gases in the sky, the release of acids, then. Acid rain in the Scandinavian countries, Britain and other European countries caused by air pollution. In the U.S., Canada, in some areas of air from the air.

When the rain, which is acidic trees, ponds, buildings and agricultural land. And sometimes not too many problems, but if acid is very harmful to the environment of the rain is not sour.

Leaves and soil mineral acid rain in the sewers of the fatty acids, and this is very plants, trees and soil for evil. What, that acid acid, neutral, so that the plants are not affected much rain, but it is slightly acidic, can be destructive is alkaline.
Life in rivers and once sufficient rainfall, but water in a relatively short time on the basis of the die can.
When we the people and even problems in the air can cause cancer, let's breathe a breath. Data on drinking water at the time of acid rain can cause brain damage was contaminated.

The acid rain, the stone and metal, so that the erosion by building on time can be achieved mainly limestone and sandstone, providing examples of soft rock.

Acid Rain and Our Health

Relationship between acid rain and human health:

Nitrogen dioxide in the air of a very good sulfates and water vapor react with other chemicals. Suspension particles in urban smog and now the most important factor for health is considered a significant risk.

Health effects of particulate matter (PM):

Fine particles, or talk particulate (PM), lung inflammation and tissue damage may be the cause of deep. These particles, and especially the elderly with heart and respiratory diseases are dangerous for people. Recent studies of sulfate particles in the air and the high heart and respiratory diseases in the clinic for a strong link between increased intake found, the increase in days of asthma symptoms, and a high mortality of these diseases.

Science of the atmosphere:

Department of Atmospheric Science Program of the impact of the acid for monitoring emissions to make the attack on the plane out of the regional representatives of the Board of places around the Atlantic and the value of continuing the identification of areas sensitive to acidification changes in the acidic environment ( "critical load").

The fight against acid rain is not yet complete. The former in large parts of Canada in a serious burden on New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, including the most sour. In these areas after acidification, biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems and forests of the health risk and productivity loss that is living in sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in Canada and the United States further reduction.

Acid Rain and the facts

Due to acid rain:

Acid to deposit a common approach, participation is more than simply acid rain. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen in the conversion of secondary pollutants is primarily the result of dry or moist sour, sulfuric acid (H2SO4), ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and nitric acid (HNO3) like. Conversion of SO2 and particulates and NOx emissions of acid vapors or several hundred thousand kilometers on these pollutants in the air as far happens. Acid vapors and particles, the two processes - wet and dry can be explained from. Wet acid rain deposits, is a process in which rain, snow, hail or snow in the atmosphere generally below 5.6 with an acid pH. When such deposits secs, sulfate, nitrate, fly ash and gas (such as SO2 and NOx) in the form of particles or are absorbed in the surface. Gas, the water can be changed in contact with acid.

Acid:

Acids with the basis for the ability to make chemical salt is a bitter taste, with the compounds are. Acid blue litmus paper (pH paper also) called in red. Acid can burn skin.

pH:

PH scale of liquids such as water in the amount of acid is used to measure. Hydrogen ions to the acid, the acidity of the solution since the beginning is based on the concentration of hydrogen ions and to "is referred to as pH". The scale of the acidity of rain samples to describe is used.

PH is the number of small-scale, acidity of the material. Acid pH scale of 0 to 5 in case of rain and, therefore, acid rain "as." The pH scale on a small number of changes, changes in acidity.

For example, a change in just one unit from pH 6.0 to pH 5.0 would indicate a tenfold increase in acidity. Clean rain usually has a pH of 5.6. It is slightly acidic because of carbon dioxide which is naturally present in the atmosphere. Vinegar, by comparison, is very acidic and has a pH of 3.

Acid rain problem:

Because this region lack natural alkalinity of the soil and water in a lot - as the basis of lime - and so naturally can not neutralize acid from acid rain in Eastern Canada is a problem, it is. Because your system for water and soil of the harmful effects of acid rain can not protect against the Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia as part of the Canadian Shield precambrian provinces, are affected. In fact, the hard rock capacity to neutralize acid rain do not need (i.e granite) sensitive, more than half Canada's. Alkaline soil and water if some parts of the South - as the Ontario and Western Canada - May neutralize or "buffer" in nature are against acid rain.

Canada in the West, this time enough information to determine when the acid rain on ecosystems. Industrialization of the historic low - compared to Canada's - and eastwardly time changes such as natural causes of soil resistance (i.e, even neutralize soil acidity), the best, in conjunction with Canada, the bad effects of acid rain in the west is very of.

However, in this western Canada is not in all areas are naturally protected. Lakes and the granite stone from the soil, for example, can quickly ineffective. Canadian Shield in this case, Northern Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba are in the north, British Columbia, Nunavut and the western part of north western region. Lakes in these areas to acid rain, are sensitive to the north of Ontario. When sulfur dioxide and nitrogen in the west of Canada, Eastern Canada in May that exist for the same effect from growth is continuing.

The NOx emissions are the following:

The most important source of NOx emission motor vehicles, furnaces and residential, industry and public power, motors and other equipment in the boiler and the fuel is burning. In 2000, Canada's largest contribution to NOx emissions, the traffic, all of the emission is about 60%. In general, in 2000, 2.5 million tons of NOx emissions. For comparison: in the United States of America, P. 2000 NOx emissions for 21 million tonnes - more than 8 times in Canada with more than the amount of mail.

Canada in the U.S. The purpose of transboundary air pollution. Overall, the U.S. experience with the impact of ozone on a regional level of about 24%, Ontario are doing. Analysis of ozone concentration in four of Ontario's peak in the Southwest, with attention to the wind factor, it is estimated that the ozone in the U.S. from these places 50 to 60%.

Change the amount of NOx emissions:

Canada, NOx emissions since 1985, the total volume are relatively stable. Since 2000 the level of plants, big mergers and more than 100,000 tonnes of metal from the bottom of the NOx emission sources. Supplement in 2000 within the framework of ozone in the air quality in Canada and the U.S., Canada, Ontario in the south central and southern parts of the 39,000 tonnes of fossil fuels by power plants for an annual limit on emissions of NO2 and 5,000 tonnes of Quebec. Also NOx emissions from industrial boilers to reduce emissions and fuel consumption of vehicles and measures to reduce the new standard will be established. Canada's obligations to the territory's annual emissions of NOx in the meeting are (defined as central and southern Ontario and southern Quebec), with almost 39% from 1990 to 2010 defined.

The difference between a target load and a critical load

The pollution load in the amount of an important measure of an ecosystem, on which this material is harmful to the environment is to accept the threshold is. Various areas of significant weight. Ecosystems, pollution, bear a high acidity in the lower valuation of ecosystems are important to load.

Critical loads vary across Canada. They depend on the ability of each particular ecosystem to neutralize acids. Scientists have defined the critical load for aquatic ecosystems as the amount of wet sulphate deposition that protects 95% of lakes from acidifying to a pH level of less than 6. (A pH of 7 is neutral; less than 7 is acidic; and greater than 7 is basic.) At a pH below 6, fish and other aquatic species begin to decline.

The pollution of an objective and politically acceptable as possible if other factors are considered in the scientific uncertainty and social morality and economic effects (eg,) in equilibrium with the environment in the form of. Acid rain to the eastern part of Canada program, Canada, seven in the province of Manitoba to reduce emissions of SO2 is committed to in 1994, an increase of 2.3 million tonnes. The program more than 20 kilograms per hectare per year (kg / ha / year), that our scientists acidification of aquatic ecosystems in the weak security of the people to send in acceptable as a means of defining the target audience to reduce wet sulfate deposited target.

Canada for this post - Wide Acid Rain Strategy -2000 to 1998 under Canada, acid deposits in the country for meeting the most important load of important long-term goal of the government was signed. Recently, map, water and forest ecosystems for the important values of the mapping has been developed. These maps (acid equivalent per hectare per year, known as (eq / ha / year)), the region's delicate ecosystem, they can be damaged show the amount of acid.

Links to other problems of air pollution:

Fossil fuel combustion in urban smog, climate change and air leads to the release of mercury.

Smog:

SO2 in the air, water vapor and other chemicals react with the sulfates is very good. A major part of the particles of smog and are a threat to public health. Deep and right lung inflammation and tissue injury due to particle penetration. And old people with heart and respiratory diseases, people are especially vulnerable. Recent studies of high sulfate in the air between the particles and the growth of the hospital show a close relationship
And the entry of death.

Urban smog, smoke in the air, the visibility of the objectives has been deleted. The most affected areas in the lower Fraser Valley, Windsor, where the landscape and buildings are often in eastern British Columbia in Canada and Quebec are corridor.

Climate Change:

It is likely that climate change, drought and high temperatures in the. Mai's climate change, wetlands and acid sulphate soils is based on the sulfur compounds to become a threat. If the income of wet sulfate values around the lakes and their acidity are excluded.

Mercury:

In May, concentrations of mercury in acidic lakes of reproductive problems in birds.

Ultra violet (UV) radiation:

Plankton and other organisms that live near the surface of acid lakes in increased UV due to the thin ozone layer are susceptible to. And clean, as acidity and dissolved organic matter in water reduces the amount of the UV can be - more and more depth on the use.

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions in both Canada and the U.S

Sulphur dioxide emissions come from:

Sulfur dioxide (SO2), usually a by-product of industrial processes and fossil fuel is burned. Ore, coal and natural gas processing plants are the most important smelting. In 2000, the UK example, for the S 2 emission, therefore, 14.8 million tonnes - more than six times larger that the Czech Republic was 2.4 million tonnes. But the two countries from different sources of SO2 emissions. Canada, industrial sources and power equipment 27% (2000) with 68% of emissions. Electrical equipment in the U.S. (2002) with 67% of emissions.

Netherlands to deal with acid rain, the initiative can not be. Canada and the United States in emissions of acid reduction only the decision of the acid rain. The show in the U.S. from Eastern Canada in more than half the acid. Ontario in areas such as South East Asia (Long Woods), and Sutton, Quebec, the United States in about three quarters of the acid will. In 1995, Canada in the U.S. sulfur oxide across the estimated annual 3.5 million tonnes was from 4.2.

SO₂ emission levels changing:

2.3 million tonnes in 1994, a 40% reduction from 1980, an increase of the eastern Canada acid rain program in Canada in 1985 to seven years in the province of Manitoba in order to reduce SO2 emissions is. By 1994, seven provinces met or exceeded its target. 1998, provinces, regions and the Federal Government's agreement with Canada Wide -2000 after acid rain strategy, acid rain Commission proposed new measures. Canada's acid rain program, including data on emissions and the post-2000 period for both the progress of the strategy for the former, the two programs should be included in the annual report. 1980 and 2001 between, SO2 emissions by about 50%, an increase of 2.38 million tonnes. In eastern Canada, SO2 emissions by 63%, an increase of 1,980 from 2001.

Acid rain remain a problem without further controls:

The scientists in 1990, only 1991, Canada - USA air quality (AQA) is necessary for the reduction of SO2 emissions in Canada and the USA about 75% of the acid in Canada to address the problem. The explanation of the science in the ecosystems in the humid sulfur - was to the effect of the acids. New assessment of the science in science acidic acid 2004 wet and dry sulfur and nitrogen from the declaration, the potential of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems assessed. A better estimate of sec (SO2 gaseous particle sulphate, nitric acid, nitrates and other particles, the amount of nitrogen), that the critical loads for aquatic ecosystems in the last estimate of the signal that the impact of the proposed strategy for the last projections were too optimistic. In some regions, forest ecosystems taxes and, more importantly, it is for the ecosystems. Canada is still angry at the different levels of forest ecosystems examination of terrestrial ecosystems in the new configuration is a weight is required. It seems that the new science of the size of the reduction of emissions of SO2, or they are getting more support will continue.

So for this post in Canada - a comprehensive strategy for acid rain in Canada and the United States and the reduction of emissions by 2000 points. Persons in 1991, Canada, the United States Air Quality Directive of the agreement, the south and center of the province, the south and the center of Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia in the field of identity on the control of the next annual meeting of the deposition of sulphate, without much weight that their resources for the achievement is. Weight for these important and the center of the province and the center of the southern Quebec to 10 kg wet sulphate per hectare per year can be eliminated. Consequently, more than 95,000 lakes created by acid rain. Lakes in these areas, the reduction of sulphates, as in the statement, or as fast as in the less sensitive have not responded. Indeed, some sensitive lakes are acidic.

Total before with some 800,000 km2 of southern Canada - an area the size of France and the United Kingdom in the organization - in the acid rain harmful, that the water above the maximum weight.

Current status of acid deposition science in Canada

Environment Canada has released the 2004 Canadian Acid Deposition Science Assessment which shows that despite Canada's success at reducing acid causing emissions, acid deposition is still affecting our environment.

Scientific research in 2004 and Canada, acid rain, and the collection in Canada and the impact of acid in the evaluation of technical surveillance. Universities and federal and state levels, acid about the current state of knowledge is evaluated by experts.

Despite the spread of wrong ideas, according to new research the problem of acid rain, does, and solution to this problem. Eastern Canada and the important parts of the load between 75 to 21% of the acids (volume) can not be affected by acid rain continues to receive. Canada for the stability of ecosystems is the potential for acid.

Is estimated that in Canada, Canada, the United States of America in 2010 by the conservation of these ecosystems in terms of, in Canada, air quality, SO2 emissions, the U.S. decision to further reduce the acid in 75 per cent, including the loss against the . At this time, the right, but in Europe, the scope of the assessment of ecosystem acid can.

Canada and the U.S., the major emission sources in addition to inorganic acid, base metals, mining, fusion, electricity, oil and gas activities, production, transport and processing of oil.

Acidic lakes, rivers, soil, forests, vegetation and fauna, biodiversity and human health and harm the plants. For example, 50 per cent of the boreal forest to live a healthy and meaningful future is angry. There is evidence to suggest that acid rain is currently reducing the growth rate of trees in eastern Canada; it has been estimated that over half a million cubic meters of wood, at a value of hundreds of millions of dollars, is being lost from forests each year. Rivers and lakes of acid, or acid-sensitive areas in the eastern Netherlands in the back in its place and aquatic organisms are sensitive to fish, where to support. Decrease in fish, affecting sports fishing.

However, there are signs of improvement are promising. East Canada Lake, close to a merger for the recovery of evidence and, ultimately, the increase in lake pH (Sudbury, Rouyn - Noranda) measured by the reduction in emissions. Southern Canada, the first symptoms of acid and acid emission reduction due to the lack of carbon in the lakes on the basis of the acid.

That climate change and smog, including the acid is associated with many other environmental issues.

The acid solution of the problem is not clear yet.

NASA - Scientists Hunt for Acid Rain and Methane in Wetlands

Scientists Hunt for acid rain and methane wetlands


Depending on how you do something bad to you some good to have around. The fact that NASA scientists and others on the emission of greenhouse gases by a new study in this matter. Moore countries that acid rain researchers methane bacteria, prevents the production of a greenhouse gas found.

Methane is the natural process and human activity is warming the earth is a gas. Methane and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere the amount of the increase in the average temperature in comparison to the planet is warming.

Carbon, heat and moisture from the archaea to the production of methane, not a creature is known. Under normal conditions, these microbes in the soil organic carbon for energy and as a byproduct of the release of methane consumption. The ideal environment for microbes offer. When wetlands, another type of bacteria, the sulfate from acid rain and those that are less able to outcompete sulfate Archea what the total methane production.

Wetlands may produce as much as 320 million tons of methane annually but only about half of that, or 160 million tons, is ultimately released to the atmosphere. 160 million tonnes in the atmosphere of rest, never, as they dry from the surface ground water due to falling to the bottom of this is destroyed by wet oxidation. The natural oxidation, despite a lot of wetlands still about a third of annual global methane emissions in the main sources of methane.

"This micro-interactions in this process because of various factors on a complicated process," Elaine Matthews, NASA Goddard Institute of Space Studies (estimated), for a scientist in New York said. Matthew is the co-acid rain and the author of the study of methane in wetlands. Methane emissions from wetlands of the "maximum amount when conditions are hot and humid, while the biggest reduction in methane emissions is reached when the location of wetlands, acid rain, high temperatures and rainfall in the wetlands of methane sulfates emissions of the best. These factors vary in space and time.

Matthew, 1960, the top of these processes to the emission of methane from wetlands in the industry are appropriate in accordance. However, methane emissions in the 21st century are expected to increase, climate change increases rapidly sulfate, to remove than the next - the industry's emissions of methane contamination in the wetlands on the sulfate has started.

How to determine the acid rain, among the followers of methane in wetlands, the study's principal author, Dr Vincent Gauci of Open University, UK and on the occasion of his colleagues. In the U.S., Britain and Sweden, was investigated whether a low-sulfate acid rain such as that of methane emissions in wetlands. They, the same amount of sulfate and acid rain as the amount of wetlands in the study. Results, for many years that these small amounts of sulfate between 30-40 per cent eliminates methane emissions is shown.

Matthew and the 21 climate experts expect an increase in emissions of methane in the course of the century as a response to climate change. He said that the fast sulfate, especially in Asia will increase forecast. Ecological balance in the 21st writers have tried to assess the century.

"If we all NASA computer model and implementation are in the world shows that acid rain, the effects of the 1960 - 2030 in the east actually reduces methane emissions, industrial," Gauci said. The increase in methane emissions is more than, as more than expected, wetlands are getting hot. In this way, the biggest source of methane for a cover in the form of acid rain works.

Acid rain on the image of attention Gauci. "We have the impression that acid rain is not a good thing - is that forests, grasslands, rivers and lakes such as acid rain damages natural ecosystems. Our results suggest that a small amount of pollution that was in May, also a positive greenhouse gas emissions in the fight against this influence is significant. In addition, the number on the complexity of the earth, "he noted.

More attention to negative aspects of pollution, but if all the scientists that the complexity of this world and the future of climate prediction to feel better, we want that in the not always well understood are the processes is not communication between a number of needs. "Acid rain that does not mean that's a good thing. Before we study how we really mean it to represent an attempt at a subtle relationship between globalization to work for the show are is relatively simple, "Matthew said.

However, human activity, especially for sulfate deposited around the short term at least one greenhouse gas, methane, the impact of the delay. The study recently in the proceedings of the National Academy of Science is published.

NASA's direction in the study, scientific study of all the people and the earth, solar system, and improving the life of the universe is working for.

THE ACIDITY OF WINE

THE PRINCIPAL ACIDS FOUND IN WINE

Grapes, wine in the main fatty acids and, thus, of tartaric acid, potassium hydrogen tartrate (cream-scale), malic acid and potassium hydrogen Malate. Tartaric acid and potassium in the wine. Because hydrogen - potassium phosphate and potassium tartrate, tartaric acid and malic acid which, tartaric acid and / or malic acid is used in terms of their derivatives, alcohol, too. Tartaric acid and malic acid dependent on the relative amount and kind of where the grapes are grown can vary. For example, Burgundy, Chardonnay decent Chardonnay Napa Valley in California, which in a low concentration of malic acid is in the. Now we are back at the latest.

Volatile acid

Tartaric acid and malic acid in the form of, what they evaporate or boil hot liquor does not mean unstable. An inter-volatile acid (VA) in wine should be, the acidic acid (vinegar). Acetic acid, when the wine is in a high VA is heated to boiling. VA per-0,03-0,06% during fermentation, and is considered a normal level.

Climate: Acid vs Sugar

Malic acid and tartaric acid from grapes are developing. In the hot climate, these organic acids through chemical processes are to breathe. Therefore, the hot areas is less acidity in the grapes, grapes in cold climates. While the Napa Valley grape with low acidity as to what's hot climate, for example, CHABLIS (France) with a high acid content of grapes, with the weather is very good.

The production of acid in the production of sugar for a contrast. Sugar content of grapes with climate change,. Sugar content of grape juice, a percentage (%) Brix or sugar (24% 24 ° Brix by) is.

Small, global warming in the high sugar and low acidity level of the cold climate and low sugar content because of the very sour. CHABLIS area, very French, and the acidity of the grapes with less sugar content of a work is good. CHABLIS blood adequately enough sun and heat in the main concern. The juice of the grape sugar sugar level is entitled to the following year. In this process is known as the Chinese.

Add the sugar in wine production in California is not allowed. But the exception of tartaric acid (acid and others) with the acidity of wine.

Malolactic fermentation of role

The malolactic fermentation (MLF) is a natural acidity. MLF lactic acid and carbon dioxide in the conversion of malic acid for acid reduces. Many Europeans, the subject of the MLF and the MLF affected almost all the red wine "automatic" for. Although often difficult to prevent the red wines, many winemakers inoculate a second time for fermentation. The acidity so, CHABLIS malolactic fermentation (MLF) of acid is needed more. Less wine, the others in the malic acid in wine that MLF is not important, because as is with high malic acid. For example, in the normal white Burgundy malic acid less than Napa Valley Chardonnay. Therefore, if a white Burgundy, a little acid and alcohol have lost the character of the MLF has suffered. In contrast, California Chardonnay malic acid to lactic acid much has changed.

The problem in cool climates is too much acid whereas the problem in warm climates is too little acid.

Total acidity

U.S. total acidity (TA) on the adoption of the wine is tartaric acid. This allows the total acidity is constant, for a price. Ta was a high 1.0%. Acid and hydrochloric acid but most people in employment. Bass, for example, home alcohol tests from 0.4%, more microbial infection and is likely to decline. Red table wine of the majority of the acid is about 0.6%. White wine is usually a little more.

PH

I will not provide you with the complicated mathematical definition, but I will say that pH is a measure of a solutions acidity and is analogous to the Richter scale used to measure the intensity of earthquakes, since both scales are logarithmic. For example, wine with a pH of 3 is 10 times more acidic than a wine with a pH of 4. The thing to remember about pH is that the higher the pH, the lower the acidity, and the lower the pH, the higher the acidity. So a pH of 3.6 to reduce the acid with a pH of 4.0 with wine,. Although the content of total acidity and pH, they measure the acidity of the wine's various ways. PH a pH meter, a tool can be measured, it is fast and easy house. Where assets of the acidity of wine. When the pH of wine, like a 4.0 or more, alcohol is unstable in microorganisms is high. Inhibits the growth of microorganisms to reduce pH. Tartaric acid in California sometimes fermentation of grape juice to ensure that the PH is used in the end, some in the form of the acid during the fermentation, pH and total acidity increased, but access was lost.

TYPICAL VALUES FOR pH AND TA

A typical premium California Chardonnay has a total acidity of 0.58 grams per 100 mL (0.58%) and a pH of 3.4. It is interesting to compare these values with a total acidity of 1.10 grams per 100 mL (1.10%) and a pH of 2.91 found in a late harvest Johannisberg Riesling with 21% residual sugar. In general, high acidity of the wine is table wine in the rest of the sugar content is high. This is true for Sauternes, Alsatian SGN and German TBA wines.

Acidity and Heartburn

The acidity and a large quantity of acid in the stomach due to the dissatisfaction is to irritate the gastrointestinal casing. The pain is on fire. If the surplus in the throat and acid leakage of gastric acid production of the inflammatory response has been.

Causes of Acidity and Heartburn

The following circumstances can create excessive acid in stomach causing acidity and heartburn.

* The consumption of foods and spices
* Fast food, fast, without chewing
* Eating when stressed, the time before
* Inappropriate sleep
* Alcohol consumption
* May is suffering from pregnant women, because, if the child is, the real
power in the gastrointestinal tract of uterus
* Overweight people may bear because of unnecessary pressure on their
digestive tract.

Avoidance of Acidity & Heartburn

A number of people are more prone than others to acidity and heartburkal 9n as they have difficulty in digesting some foods.

Against banana protective measures acidity and heart burn are. Eat a banana with these terms, closed for a day

* 2 TSP, and normal total apple vinegar 2 C. to a mixture of tea with honey in
a glass of water before eating. One of the most popular means of acid for the
house.
* Stay away from fried food, eat cucumbers, hot spices, vinegar and
chocolate.
* Stay away from vegetables and salad, onion, cabbage, radish and pepper to
like.
* Stay away from high-pectin fruits such as apple green. However, mature
Fuji apples or apples to apples as tasty May Help.
* Grind up the food properly. Do not consume in hurry.
* Do not bounce meals. Do not keep great gap between meals. This produces
gas / current of air.
* Drink plenty of water and at least 8 glasses per day
* Do not eat just previous to going to bed
* The end of smoking and alcohol consumption to reduce

Home remedy for acidity

* A good Home Remedy for Acidity is to chew up a few basil (tulsi ) leaves to
obtain relief from blazing, nausea and gas.
* Stay a small part of jaggery (gur) in your jaws and slowly suck it. Repeat it
each hour till acidity subsides. One of the best home remedies for acidity.
* Eating watermelon, banana or cucumber every hour.
* Eat a few almonds when your experience heartburn symptoms. This is good
Home Remedy for Acidity.
* Gulp coconut water 4-5 periods a day.
* P for acid fast discontent and cold glass of milk.
* Cloves and slowly suck the deletion.
* Eating fresh mint juice drink, always after. The call for the best internal
acid solution
* Drink every day a 1 tsp juice of chebulic myrobalan mixed with 1 tsp of amla
(Indian gooseberry) juice. This is another Home Remedy for Acidity.
* Eating after a certain time for a stand to maintain the reaction can be found
on.
* Go to sleep in your head and shoulders on the pillow for the supervisor.

Top 5 Sites at High Risk from the Hazards Associated with Acid Rain and Similar Industrial Pollutants

If large quantities of these chemicals are released into the atmosphere through processes such as coal, they are connected to the water vapor, which took place in the clouds, and later released on the Earth for a strong form of acid rain. Although acid rain, cause only indirect damage to humans, especially in their reactions to the volatile organic compound (VOC) form tropospheric ozone (smog), causing substantial damage and the fertility of soil, water and quality of life of inorganic materials such as stone and metal. Some of the major measurable effects of acid rain can be detected by human structures, especially old buildings, walls constructed from corrosion-sensitive metals such as copper and porous rocks such as limestone.

Unfortunately, the buildings and monuments of the most important world cultural heritage site has been built against the toxic and punishment, and many large sites are located at or near the fast industrial cities, which sustained significant damage. Our modern world economy, developing countries such as China and India, industrial pollution, without strict control to manage most of the last decades of the industrialized countries, many of their greatest treasures threatened by their own idiosyncratic national economic success. These risks are not limited in the sense that the rapidly industrializing countries of the world, including Australia, is also a controversial preservation of cultural and industrial interests, while the chemical cloud itself knows no borders, and they have the opportunity to float over a large area.


1. GIANT Leshan Buddha, EMEI Mount (China, Buddhist):

Tower height of steep river gorges in China provinces of Sichuan, Mount Emei, one of the "four sacred Buddhist mountains in China, is one important place for Buddhism in China. It is the home country's first Buddhist temple, built in 1st century CE, and contains many other temples, monasteries and religious shrines, including the 8 century, Leshan Giant Buddha. The Tang Dynasty-era masterpiece is the world's largest Buddhist sculptures, the great achievement is the height of 71 meters and 28 meters wide. hewn from the sandstone cliff faces Mount Emei and the Leshan Giant Buddha is surrounded by an impressive and breathtaking lush sub-tropical and subalpine forests, and it is located on top is a confluence of three major rivers have Minjiang, Dadu and Qingyi. This site is invaluable for religious, artistic and natural meaning. The Leshan Buddha was the victim of pollution, a result of the uncontrolled development of the region. In this case, the offender, it was decided that the increase in the number of coal power plants are located near the Giant Buddha, in particular, toxic gases, which are out of the transfer stage, the smoke stacks in the air, and eventually return to the country, such as acid rain. Over time, we Buddha black curls and the hair began to fall on his head. The local government has been turned off around the factories and power plants in the vicinity is Leshan Giant Buddha, which put the black soot from the face, but acid rain, yet this structural masterpiece. The Leshan Giant Buddha, which was carefully designed to survive thousands of years of floods and earthquakes, which have a high risk of rapid deterioration of the uncontrolled growth industry in Western China.

2. Acropolis in Athens (Greece, ancient Greece):

Although many Acropolises Greek Acropolis in Athens, which is undoubtedly the most important monuments, the real, which bears the name, even though historians will refer only to "Acropolis" is that it is intended to Athens. Situated on a flat rock, which rises 150 meters from the town in Athens, and his three hectares of permanent monuments have Pericallis Lean Classic period (460-430 BC) is one of the Parthenon propylene and Erechtheum, as well as some earlier Mycenean gigantic structures such as walls to prevent the attack on the Acropolis for centuries . As the fundamental rights of the center of Golden Age of Athens and its way of thinking, the Parthenon is widely considered to be a melting pot of democracy and Western civilization as we know it. n recent decades, because Greece has a significant economic growth and development, and emissions of heavy vehicles is a growing, modern city of Athens contributed to acid rain in the area. Monumental stone sculpture, and alternatives to the ancient Greeks, marble is very sensitive to degradation of the surface of the heavy and the low level of acid rain. The beautiful marble relief Parthenon frisian panels, for example, are chemically transformed acid rain is a soft laast arilla. How to lose the details of the chemical fall deeper into the marble monuments of this vital, pieces of them started to crack and fall, the possibility of structural collapse, which are not so distant future. In addition, complicating the situation is seismically active nature of the region, such as an earthquake, which is a much bigger impact on marble buildings, which are slowly converted into the plaster natural marble.

3. Taj Mahal (India, Mughal Islam):

Located in Agra, India, Taj majale is a large mausoleum, built between 1631 and 1648 is a Mughal architectural heritage, the style combines elements of Turkish, Indian, Persian and Islamic design. Considered to be the last architectural masterpiece of Islamic art India, was built by Shah Jahan for his wife Mumtaz Mahal, and how it is interred is simple crypt. The Taj Mahal is India's preeminent tourist destination, attracting two and four million visitors a year. To combat the harmful effects of pollution, tourism is not allowed, near the place, most visitors ride the electric bus near the parking areas. This is not slowed down degradation of the Taj Mahal is a marble facade of acid rain produced by local foundries and oil refineries. Once a brilliant white Taj has lost its luster, carpets on the sickly pale shadow.

4. Dampier Rock Art Complex (Australia, Australian Aboriginal):

When the Dampier Archipelago, which lies north-west of Australia and designed for the Indian Ocean, the Burrup Peninsula is a wonderful collections of Aboriginal rock art carved into the cliffs and outcroppings. About one million carvings of over 400 square kilometers, these images are the largest corpus rock art world. Some old photos day tens of thousands of years earlier, when people first among Australia, the holy spirits, rituals, and the animals - including some that are extinct (Tasmanian Tiger), or are already located in this region (EMUs). The Burrup Peninsula is a rock art sites are listed endangered in the National Trust of Australia, but the industry's expansion since 1963 of more than 25% of the rock art areas are serious threats to the site. Many of the most difficult (mining and petrochemical) industry is located directly next to one of the most vulnerable collection of works of art. Acid Rain since begun to remove many of carefully, but often superficial, engraved on stone surfaces, and studies archaeologists and geologists have assumed that most of the rock art will disappear altogether in mid-21 century.

5. LONGMEN Caves (China, Buddhist):

The Longmen Caves are perhaps the most famous ancient sculptural sites in China. Located in the Henan province and placed on two opposite Bluffs that the Yi River, the largest part of the artwork is a Buddhist nature and date of the Northern Wei and Tang dynasties (316-907 AD). 2345 bays are carved from the rock, close to work around-mile from north to south, but the house more than 100,000 images (also cut from a rock). Accompanying signs of over 300,000 Chinese characters and rich historical and linguistic data. The Longmen Grottoes is a masterpiece of Buddhist art and is one of the world's most important sculptural sites. Through the ages, natural and artificial factors niches, statues and paintings. Slots basic sectors rock cause instability and lead to the collapse of certain niche, and the destruction of their content. This process has strengthened significantly more salt sediments result in acid rain, which is a major problem in most parts of China. Salt also built in niche markets is a slow burrowing acid rain is a rock, which then percolates through cracks in the rock, serious injury and rapidly decreasing, many statues and paintings.

Industrialisation bringing acid rain to India

Fast that the impact of acid rain in India to develop clear. Many experts, in this country's growing industrialization in terms of symptoms. The samples were acidic with pH values less than 5—pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

The Department of Environment and the weather after compliance with the World Meteorological Organization to keep an eye on an international network. If rain water for nearly three decades of the 10 sample sites. Pune, Nagpur, Allahabad, Jodhpur, Kodaikanal, Mohan Bari Mini coming, Port Blair, Srinagar and followed by Visakhapatnam. All stations except Kodaikanal twice the concentration of sulfate in the rain appeared. Researchers northern India, where oil refineries, fertilizer plants, power plants, oil and gas, sulfate and nitrate compounds, which is the acidity of rain in the atmosphere is released in one example is shown. Some other reasons. Of the environment in most parts of the Philippines, alkaline dust in the rain acidity. Rainwater at Mohanbari in Assam, is more acidic in nature because the area lacks neutralising agents.

Industrialization of the most important factor in the acid rain phenomenon is. In addition, acid rain, changes in the speed with experts in the rapid industrialization and urbanization of the world is. These changes, more rain and snow to northern areas, the drought conditions in tropical areas are involved. Anthropogenic climate change in the last century, Mexico, Central America and North Africa, Canada, climate researcher Xuebin Zhang, one of the writers has been to dry. This document states in North Africa such as fast changes in the Sahel region to sensitive ecosystems, especially in areas on the major impact that these changes,. Acid rain effects is a lot of the wicked. The water chemical balance, disrupt the release of toxic metals. The people leads to serious health problems. Acid rain in the land of nutrients, so plants can lead to leaching. When ice, melts acid injection, the concentration of acid are released when the fish. Acid rain, the Taj Mahal is a good example of buildings can lead to war. Acid rain over the ocean. In winter, when India, China, Japan, with waste water from that country in South Asia in the wind blows,. Alkaline dust is heavy and the suspension will not be realized. Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal is in acid rain.

Importance of the ozone

Three very important for the environment because it is possible to work on earth - the life giving oxygen, and warm the earth (UV) light from the sun is deadly ultraviolet radiation absorbed. The atmosphere of the earth is composed of different gases. The main gases, nitrogen and oxygen 78 per cent and 21 per cent of the quantity in the air. The remaining one percent of atmospheric gases, greenhouse gases - carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone and water vapor, so called because they live in the country of the effect of natural greenhouse, which are contained in the gas, can be found on the planet there would be no warmer than the atmosphere. For the protection of life on earth, it is important for the ozone gas. Ozone a colorless, odorless gas. Emitted by the sun is filtering out harmful UV rays important work.

Shocking:

Ozone is constantly produced and destroyed nature. However, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released by human activities Stratosphere reach and destroy ozone. Substances that deplete the ozone layer (ODS) is called. CFCs and are used for refrigeration, air conditioning, fumigation foams, aerosols, cleaners, solvents, control agents against fire, etc..

British scientists in 1980 to the end of the ozone in the atmosphere above Antarctica measures whose results were uncomfortable - in the ozone layer above the 'Antarctica in the spring of each year has been considerably reduced. These areas are known as the "ozone hole".

In 1985 in Vienna to take "appropriate measures ... And as a result of adverse events or changes in the ozone layer, change or May due to human activities, proximity to the right of the protection of human health has been agreed. The protection of the ozone layer, that the conference was born. In September 1987, the Agreement on specific measures under the Montreal Protocol on substances that have been adopted for the Ozone Layer was signed in consumption.

In 1994 the UN General Assembly declared September 16 International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer, commemorating the date in 1987 in signing the Montreal Protocol. India in 1991 and 1992 the Montreal Protocol of the Vienna Convention was adopted.

These multilateral agreements on the use of ozone-friendly replacement for the transition to provide technical and financial assistance.

If consumers are more vigilant and ensure that the products we buy are liabilities. If we can, like us, aerosols, rather than the pump spray insecticides friendly products to choose ozone. However, a refrigerator or air conditioning, choose one to buy CFC-free technologies. However, the gas compressor repair, ensure that the gas is a CFC in refrigerators are not released into the atmosphere. If possible, we buy and use pillows and mattresses filled with cotton instead of foam. Cups and Styrofoam cups, we do not use sheets or the use of reusable plates. The ozone layer protects us like her.